Bones of the Foot

7 tarsal bones (only talus articulates with the leg bones)

5 metatarsals which articulate proximally with the tarsals and distally with the phalanges.

The hallux (big toe) has only 2 phalanges (the rest have 3) = 14 phalanges in total

The trochlea of the talus articulates with the tibia and fibula

The head of the talus articulates with the navicular bone

The calcaneus articulates with the talus superiorly and the cuboid anteriorly

Talus is like a snail!

Grades of sPrains

SPRAIN

"If it's got a 'P' it's a ligament injury"

Grade 1 - Some tenderness and minor pain at the point of injury. This indicates small tears in the ligament

Grade 2 - Noticeable laxity in the knee, major pain and tenderness on the inside of knee as well as swelling. Indicates larger tears in the ligament but not a complete rupture

Grade 3 - Considerable pain/tenderness, some swelling, marked laxity/instability of the joint. Ligament is completely torn/ruptured

LCL what you know about lateral collateral ligament?

Originates from - Lateral epicondyle of the femur

Inserts into - Head of fibula

Length - 5cm

Shape - Cord like structure and more circular in diameter (due to the pointy shape of head of fib it's necessary)

Limits - Varus stress on the knee

ELITE

ENVIRONMENT

LOAD

INDIVIDUAL

TASK

EQUIPMENT

Myostatitc Contracture

'True Muscle Shortening' - Number of sarcomeres in a row will reduce due to inactivity

End Feels

Soft End feel = Related to soft tissue approximation (e.g. muscles)

Elastic End feel = Related to stretching of joint capsule and ligamentous structures

Hard = Related to bony block

Empty = No end feel detected because the patient does not allow movement to end of range

Degrees of Freedom of Movement

Hip = 3 (flexion/extension, ab/adduction, med/lateral rotation)

Knee = 2 (flexion/extension, medial/lateral rotation)

Ankle = 1 (dorsi/plantarflexion)

Metatarsophalangeal = 2 (flexion/extension and ab/adduction)

Interphalangeal joints = 1 (flexion/extension)