Stages of the healing process: BIP-R

BLEEDING

INFLAMMATION

PROLIFERATION

REMODELLING

These stages are NOT mutually exclusive (they don't just happen one at a time individually) they overlap!

Soft Tissue Wound Healing

"Wound healing refers to the body's replacement of destroyed tissue by living tissue"

2 essential components (REG & REP)

• Specialised tissue is replaced by proliferation of surrounding undamaged specialised cells

• L.T replaced by G.T which matures to form S.T


• Lost tissue is replaced by granulation tissue which matures to form scar tissue
  
  

Factors known to delay healing

GENERAL

Steroids & NSAIDS

Temperature (lower rate when colder)

Protein Deficiency


Age

LOCAL

• Poor blood supply / ischaemia
• Adhesion to bone or other underlying tissue
• Continued inflammation
• Drying of wound
• Excessive movement (restarts inflammation)

"Tissue healing is a complex and dynamic system which enables effective repair of damaged tissue."

Connective Tissue

Most abundant tissue in the body (ABUNDANCE)

Derived from the mesoderm of embryonic tissue (MESODERM)

Help to bind and support other tissues (BIND & SUPPORT)

Relatively few cells (NOT MANY CELLS)

Several types (BBLDC) Bone, Blood, Loose, Dense, Cartilage

Leukocytes - Soldiers of the body

NEUTROPHIL

• Most common type of leukocyte



• Involved with degradation of foreign material through phagocytosis



• Contain multiobed nucleus



• Cytoplasm grainy in appearance due to high number of lysosomes (digestive enzymes)



• Grows around foreign matter, lysosomes help digest foreign body and then it's removed



• Duty to defend using lysosomes to digest



• On a constant patrol, destroying harmful things in the body

MACROPHAGE (monocytes)

• Destroy bacteria through phagocytosis


• Larger in size than neutrophils


• Found in LUNGS and LYMPH NODES (first line of defence)


• Creates hostile environment for bacteria so that it si harder to get ill (causes sore throat etc)

LYMPHOCYTES (B & T)

• B lymphocytes secrete antibodies which destroy bacteria


• T lymphocytes are involved in cell destruction


• Some specialised lymphocytes go into cell to destroy it, others send antibodies out

BLOOD

BLOOD - A liquid connective tissue used for:

1. TRANSPORT: respiratory gases (oxygen/carbon dioxide, nitrogen), nutrients, waste products

2. DEFENCE: provides cells for clotting and antibodies to fight infection

3. TEMPERATURE REGULATION (distributes heat)

4. PRESSURE (provides pressure)

Hematoma

Hematoma in acute stage - 6 days after injury

HEMATOMA - Internal bleeding (a collection of blood outside the blood vessels)

Usually the result of a hemorrhage (loss or escape of blood from the circulatory system - bleeding!)